# 构建一个基本的 DaemonSet

LLMS index: [llms.txt](/llms.txt)

---

<!--
title: Building a Basic DaemonSet  
content_type: task  
weight: 5
-->

<!-- overview -->

<!--
This page demonstrates how to build a basic <a class='glossary-tooltip' title='确保 Pod 的副本在集群中的一组节点上运行。' data-bs-toggle='tooltip' data-bs-placement='top' href='/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/' target='_blank' aria-label='DaemonSet'>DaemonSet</a>
that runs a Pod on every node in a Kubernetes cluster.
It covers a simple use case of mounting a file from the host, logging its contents using
an [init container](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers/), and utilizing a pause container.
-->
本页演示如何构建一个基本的 <a class='glossary-tooltip' title='确保 Pod 的副本在集群中的一组节点上运行。' data-bs-toggle='tooltip' data-bs-placement='top' href='/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/' target='_blank' aria-label='DaemonSet'>DaemonSet</a>，
用其在 Kubernetes 集群中的每个节点上运行 Pod。
这个简单的使用场景包含了从主机挂载一个文件，使用
[Init 容器](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/init-containers/)记录文件的内容，
以及使用 `pause` 容器。

## 准备开始

<!--
You need to have a Kubernetes cluster, and the kubectl command-line tool must
be configured to communicate with your cluster. It is recommended to run this tutorial on a cluster with at least two nodes that are not acting as control plane hosts. If you do not already have a
cluster, you can create one by using
[minikube](https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/tutorials/multi_node/)
or you can use one of these Kubernetes playgrounds:
-->
<p>你必须拥有一个 Kubernetes 的集群，且必须配置 kubectl 命令行工具让其与你的集群通信。
建议运行本教程的集群至少有两个节点，且这两个节点不能作为控制平面主机。
如果你还没有集群，你可以通过 <a href="https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/tutorials/multi_node/">Minikube</a>
构建一个你自己的集群，或者你可以使用下面的 Kubernetes 练习环境之一：</p>
<!--
* [iximiuz Labs](https://labs.iximiuz.com/playgrounds?category=kubernetes&filter=all)
* [Killercoda](https://killercoda.com/playgrounds/scenario/kubernetes)
* [KodeKloud](https://kodekloud.com/public-playgrounds)
-->
<ul>
<li><a href="https://labs.iximiuz.com/playgrounds?category=kubernetes&filter=all">iximiuz Labs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://killercoda.com/playgrounds/scenario/kubernetes">Killercoda</a></li>
<li><a href="https://kodekloud.com/public-playgrounds">KodeKloud</a></li>
</ul>


<!--
A Kubernetes cluster with at least two nodes (one control plane node and one worker node)
to demonstrate the behavior of DaemonSets.
-->
为了演示 DaemonSet 的行为，Kubernetes 集群至少需包含两个节点（一个控制平面节点和一个工作节点）。

<!--
## Define the DaemonSet

In this task, a basic DaemonSet is created which ensures that the copy of a Pod is scheduled on every node.
The Pod will use an init container to read and log the contents of `/etc/machine-id` from the host,
while the main container will be a `pause` container, which keeps the Pod running.
-->
## 定义 DaemonSet   {#define-the-daemonset}

在此任务中，将创建一个基本的 DaemonSet，确保 Pod 的副本被调度到每个节点上。
此 Pod 将使用 Init 容器从主机读取并记录 `/etc/machine-id` 的内容，
而主容器将是一个 `pause` 容器，用于保持 Pod 运行。


















<div class="highlight code-sample">
    <div class="copy-code-icon">
    <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/website/main/content/zh-cn/examples/application/basic-daemonset.yaml" download="application/basic-daemonset.yaml"><code>application/basic-daemonset.yaml</code>
    </a><img src="/images/copycode.svg" class="icon-copycode" onclick="copyCode('application-basic-daemonset-yaml')" title="复制 application/basic-daemonset.yaml 到剪贴板"></img></div>
    <div class="includecode" id="application-basic-daemonset-yaml"><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-yaml" data-lang="yaml"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">apps/v1</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">DaemonSet</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">example-daemonset</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">selector</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">matchLabels</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">app.kubernetes.io/name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">example</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">template</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">labels</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">app.kubernetes.io/name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">example</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">    </span><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">      </span>- <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">pause</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">registry.k8s.io/pause</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">initContainers</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">      </span>- <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">log-machine-id</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">busybox:1.37</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">command</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;sh&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;-c&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">&#39;cat /etc/machine-id &gt; /var/log/machine-id.log&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">volumeMounts</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span>- <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">machine-id</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">/etc/machine-id</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">readOnly</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span>- <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">log-dir</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">/var/log</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">      </span><span class="nt">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">      </span>- <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">machine-id</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">hostPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">/etc/machine-id</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">File</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">      </span>- <span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">log-dir</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">        </span><span class="nt">hostPath</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w">
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="w">          </span><span class="nt">path</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l">/var/log</span></span></span></code></pre></div></div>
</div>

<!--
1. Create a DaemonSet based on the (YAML) manifest:
-->
1. 基于（YAML）清单创建 DaemonSet：

   ```shell
   kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/application/basic-daemonset.yaml
   ```

<!--
1. Once applied, you can verify that the DaemonSet is running a Pod on every node in the cluster:
-->
2. 完成创建操作后，你可以验证 DaemonSet 是否在集群中的每个节点上运行 Pod：

   ```shell
   kubectl get pods -o wide
   ```

   <!--
   The output will list one Pod per node, similar to:
   -->

   输出将列出每个节点上有一个 Pod，类似于：

   ```
   NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP       NODE
   example-daemonset-xxxxx             1/1     Running   0          5m     x.x.x.x  node-1
   example-daemonset-yyyyy             1/1     Running   0          5m     x.x.x.x  node-2
   ```

<!--
1. You can inspect the contents of the logged `/etc/machine-id` file by checking
   the log directory mounted from the host:
-->
3. 你可以通过检查从主机挂载的日志目录来查看 `/etc/machine-id` 文件的日志内容：

   ```shell
   kubectl exec <pod-name> -- cat /var/log/machine-id.log
   ```
  
   <!--
   Where `<pod-name>` is the name of one of your Pods.
   -->

   其中 `<pod-name>` 是某一个 Pod 的名称。

## 清理现场

<!--
To delete the DaemonSet, run this command:
-->
要删除 DaemonSet，请运行以下命令：

```shell
kubectl delete --cascade=foreground --ignore-not-found --now daemonsets/example-daemonset
```

<!--
This simple DaemonSet example introduces key components like init containers and host path volumes,
which can be expanded upon for more advanced use cases. For more details refer to
[DaemonSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/).
-->
这个简单的 DaemonSet 例子介绍了 Init 容器和主机路径卷这类关键组件，
你可以在此基础上扩展以应对更高级的使用场景。有关细节参阅
[DaemonSet](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/)。

## 接下来

<!--
* See [Performing a rolling update on a DaemonSet](/docs/tasks/manage-daemon/update-daemon-set/)
* See [Creating a DaemonSet to adopt existing DaemonSet pods](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/)
-->
* 参阅[在 DaemonSet 上执行滚动更新](/zh-cn/docs/tasks/manage-daemon/update-daemon-set/)
* 参见[创建 DaemonSet 以收养现有 DaemonSet Pod](/zh-cn/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/)
